The Sudan has been experiencing civil war for decades. The southern part of the country is different ethnically from the northern part, and, to make matters worse, Southern Sudan has oil deposits. Several years ago the North and the South signed a cease fire, deciding that there would be a vote on whether the South would secede in the future. Well, the future is here. Here is an article about the bargaining problem (and how the US is trying to make part of the pie worth more). The question is whether the North will look at this as an indivisible issue or not.
By the way, this conflict is separate from the conflict in Darfur. After the North/South cease fire took place, the North turned to dealing with Darfur. In the build up to the upcoming vote, the North has cooled things off in Darfur and turned its attention elsewhere.
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